The Token2022 Program

The Token2022 Program, also known as Token Extensions, is a superset of the functionality provided by the Token Program.

If you want to learn more about what additional functionalities are available and what are the differences with the Legacy token program, go follow this course

Let's start by installing the required package to work with the SPL Token program using Web3.js:

npm i @solana/spl-token

Mint and Token Accounts

If you're familiar with creating Mint accounts, Associated Token accounts, or Token accounts using TypeScript, you'll find that Token2022 follows a very similar pattern.

The main difference lies in account initialization, as extensions require additional space and must be configured before the mint is finalized.

Mint Account with Extensions

When adding extensions to a Mint, we need to:

Calculate the additional space required for extension data
Initialize each extension with its specific configuration
Ensure proper ordering of initialization instructions

Here's how to create a mint with the Transfer Fee extension:

import {
  Keypair,
  SystemProgram,
  Transaction,
  sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from '@solana/web3.js';
import {
  createInitializeMintInstruction,
  createInitializeTransferFeeConfigInstruction,
  getMintLen,
  ExtensionType,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
} from '@solana/spl-token';
 
const mint = Keypair.generate();
 
// Calculate the size needed for a Mint account with Transfer Fee extension
const mintLen = getMintLen([ExtensionType.TransferFeeConfig]);
 
// Calculate minimum lamports required for rent exemption
const lamports = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLen);
 
// Create the account with the correct size and owner
const createAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    fromPubkey: keypair.publicKey,
    newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey,
    space: mintLen,
    lamports,
    programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
});
 
// Initialize the Transfer Fee extension
const initializeTransferFeeConfig = createInitializeTransferFeeConfigInstruction(
    mint.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey,
    500,
    BigInt(1e6),
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
 
// Initialize the mint itself
const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(
    mint.publicKey,
    6,
    keypair.publicKey,
    null,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
 
// Combine all instructions in the correct order
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
    createAccountInstruction,
    initializeTransferFeeConfig, // Extension must be initialized before mint
    initializeMintInstruction,
);
 
const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair, mint]);
 
console.log(`Mint created! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);

As you can see, it's pretty straightforward:

Generate the Mint keypair using the Keypair.generate() function.
Calculate the length of the Mint account with specific extension using the getMintLen() function
Calculate the minimum lamports needed using the connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLen)
Create an account with the correct length, rent and owner
Initialize the extension you want on the Mint account with the relative functionalities
Initialize the Mint account

A base Mint account without extensions has the same size as a legacy Mint. Extensions add their specific data requirements on top of this base size, along with the padding and discriminator that identify the account as a Token2022 Mint.

Associated Token Account with Extensions

Associated Token accounts comes with the ImmutableOwner extension by default. So the only difference between the creation of a Legacy or Token2022 Token Account is just the owner program.

Here's how to create an Associated Token account:

const ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
    mint.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey,
    false,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);
 
// Create ATA creation instructions for all accounts
const createAtaInstructions = createAssociatedTokenAccountIdempotentInstruction(
    keypair.publicKey, // payer
    ata, // associated token account address
    keypair.publicKey, // owner
    mint.publicKey, // mint
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
)

Token Account with Extensions

The mechanism creating a Token account with extensions is similar to what we did with the Mint account:

Calculate the additional space required for extension data
Initialize each extension with its specific configuration
Ensure proper ordering of initialization instructions

Here's how to create a Token account with the CpiGuard extension:

const tokenAccount = Keypair.generate();
 
// Size of Token Account with extensions
const accountLen = getAccountLen([ExtensionType.CpiGuard]);
 
// Minimum lamports required for Token Account
const lamports = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(accountLen);
 
const createAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    fromPubkey: keypair.publicKey,
    newAccountPubkey: tokenAccount.publicKey,
    space: accountLen,
    lamports,
    programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
});
 
const enableCpiGuardInstruction = createEnableCpiGuardInstruction(
    tokenAccount.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey,
    undefined,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
 
const initializeAccountInstruction = createInitializeAccountInstruction(
    tokenAccount.publicKey,
    mint.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
 
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
    createAccountInstruction,
    initializeAccountInstruction,
    enableCpiGuardInstruction,
);
 
const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair, tokenAccount], {commitment: "finalized"});
 
console.log(`Token accounts created! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);

Token2022 with Web3.js

The Token2022 Program

Mint and Token Accounts

Mint Account with Extensions

Associated Token Account with Extensions

Token Account with Extensions