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Solana Mobile: RPC, Tokens, NFTs & Program Interaction

Solana Mobile: RPC, Tokens, NFTs & Program Interaction

NFT Operations with DAS API on Mobile

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NFTs Are Just Tokens

An NFT on Solana is a token with specific properties:

  • Supply of 1: Only one token exists

  • 0 decimals: Can't have 0.5 of an NFT

  • No mint authority: Can't create more

What makes NFTs useful is the metadata: the name, image, attributes, and collection information. This metadata lives in a separate account managed by the Token Metadata program.

text
Mint Account (Supply=1, Decimals=0)
    ↓ PDA derivation
Metadata Account (Name, Symbol, URI)
    ↓ URI points to
Off-chain JSON (Image, Attributes, etc.)

The URI in the metadata account points to a JSON file (usually on Arweave or IPFS) that contains the actual content.

Fetching NFT Data

Using DAS API

The Digital Asset Standard (DAS) API is the modern way to fetch NFT data. Providers like Helius, QuickNode, and Triton support it:

typescript
interface DasNft {
  id: string;
  content: {
    metadata: {
      name: string;
      symbol: string;
    };
    links: {
      image: string;
    };
    json_uri: string;
  };
  ownership: {
    owner: string;
  };
  grouping: Array<{
    group_key: string;
    group_value: string;
  }>;
}

async function fetchWalletNfts(
  dasEndpoint: string,
  walletAddress: string
): Promise<DasNft[]> {
  const response = await fetch(dasEndpoint, {
    method: "POST",
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
    body: JSON.stringify({
      jsonrpc: "2.0",
      id: "my-app",
      method: "getAssetsByOwner",
      params: {
        ownerAddress: walletAddress,
        page: 1,
        limit: 50,
        displayOptions: {
          showFungible: false,
          showNativeBalance: false,
        },
      },
    }),
  });

  const data = await response.json();
  return data.result.items;
}

Marketplace APIs

For richer data (floor prices, listings, rarity), use marketplace APIs:

typescript
// Tensor API example
async function fetchNftFromTensor(
  mintAddress: string,
  apiKey: string
): Promise<any> {
  const response = await fetch(
    `https://api.mainnet.tensordev.io/api/v1/mint?mints=${mintAddress}`,
    {
      headers: {
        "x-tensor-api-key": apiKey,
      },
    }
  );

  const data = await response.json();
  return data[0];
}

// Magic Eden API example
async function fetchCollectionFloor(
  collectionSymbol: string
): Promise<number> {
  const response = await fetch(
    `https://api-mainnet.magiceden.dev/v2/collections/${collectionSymbol}/stats`
  );
  
  const data = await response.json();
  return data.floorPrice / 1_000_000_000; // Convert lamports to SOL
}

Displaying NFTs

Image Loading

NFT images can be large. Handle them efficiently:

typescript
import FastImage from "react-native-fast-image";

function NftImage({ uri, size = 200 }: { uri: string; size?: number }) {
  const [error, setError] = useState(false);

  // Fix common URI issues
  const fixedUri = useMemo(() => {
    if (!uri) return null;
    
    // Convert IPFS to gateway URL
    if (uri.startsWith("ipfs://")) {
      return uri.replace("ipfs://", "https://ipfs.io/ipfs/");
    }
    
    // Convert Arweave
    if (uri.startsWith("ar://")) {
      return uri.replace("ar://", "https://arweave.net/");
    }
    
    return uri;
  }, [uri]);

  if (error || !fixedUri) {
    return <PlaceholderImage size={size} />;
  }

  return (
    <FastImage
      style={{ width: size, height: size, borderRadius: 8 }}
      source={{ uri: fixedUri, priority: FastImage.priority.normal }}
      resizeMode={FastImage.resizeMode.cover}
      onError={() => setError(true)}
    />
  );
}

Grid Display

typescript
import { FlatList, Dimensions } from "react-native";

const SCREEN_WIDTH = Dimensions.get("window").width;
const NUM_COLUMNS = 3;
const ITEM_SIZE = (SCREEN_WIDTH - 32 - (NUM_COLUMNS - 1) * 8) / NUM_COLUMNS;

function NftGrid({ nfts }: { nfts: DasNft[] }) {
  const renderItem = useCallback(({ item }: { item: DasNft }) => (
    <TouchableOpacity
      style={styles.gridItem}
      onPress={() => navigateToNftDetail(item)}
    >
      <NftImage uri={item.content.links.image} size={ITEM_SIZE} />
      <Text numberOfLines={1} style={styles.nftName}>
        {item.content.metadata.name}
      </Text>
    </TouchableOpacity>
  ), []);

  return (
    <FlatList
      data={nfts}
      renderItem={renderItem}
      keyExtractor={(item) => item.id}
      numColumns={NUM_COLUMNS}
      contentContainerStyle={styles.gridContainer}
      showsVerticalScrollIndicator={false}
    />
  );
}

Transferring NFTs

NFT transfers are token transfers with amount=1:

typescript
import { 
  getAssociatedTokenAddress,
  createTransferInstruction,
  createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction,
} from "@solana/spl-token";
import { transact } from "@solana-mobile/mobile-wallet-adapter-protocol-web3js";

async function transferNft(
  connection: Connection,
  nftMint: PublicKey,
  fromWallet: PublicKey,
  toWallet: PublicKey
): Promise<string> {
  // 1. Get token accounts
  const fromAta = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(nftMint, fromWallet);
  const toAta = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(nftMint, toWallet);

  // 2. Build instructions
  const instructions = [];

  // Check if recipient needs an ATA
  const toAtaInfo = await connection.getAccountInfo(toAta);
  if (!toAtaInfo) {
    instructions.push(
      createAssociatedTokenAccountInstruction(
        fromWallet, // payer
        toAta,
        toWallet,
        nftMint
      )
    );
  }

  // NFT transfer = amount of 1
  instructions.push(
    createTransferInstruction(
      fromAta,
      toAta,
      fromWallet,
      1 // NFTs have no decimals, so amount is always 1
    )
  );

  // 3. Build transaction
  const { blockhash, lastValidBlockHeight } = 
    await connection.getLatestBlockhash();

  const message = new TransactionMessage({
    payerKey: fromWallet,
    recentBlockhash: blockhash,
    instructions,
  }).compileToV0Message();

  const transaction = new VersionedTransaction(message);

  // 4. Sign with MWA and send
  const signature = await transact(async (wallet) => {
    await wallet.authorize({
      cluster: "mainnet-beta",
      identity: { name: "NFT App" },
    });

    const [signedTx] = await wallet.signTransactions({
      transactions: [transaction],
    });

    return await connection.sendTransaction(signedTx);
  });

  // 5. Confirm
  await connection.confirmTransaction({
    signature,
    blockhash,
    lastValidBlockHeight,
  });

  return signature;
}

Compressed NFTs

Compressed NFTs (cNFTs) use state compression; they're stored in Merkle trees, not individual accounts. This makes them 1000x cheaper to mint but requires different handling.

Identifying Compressed NFTs

typescript
function isCompressedNft(nft: DasNft): boolean {
  return nft.compression?.compressed === true;
}

Transferring cNFTs

Compressed NFT transfers require proof data from the DAS API:

typescript
import { transfer } from "@metaplex-foundation/mpl-bubblegum";

async function transferCompressedNft(
  dasEndpoint: string,
  nftMint: string,
  fromWallet: PublicKey,
  toWallet: PublicKey
): Promise<string> {
  // Get asset with Merkle proof from DAS API
  const response = await fetch(dasEndpoint, {
    method: "POST",
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
    body: JSON.stringify({
      jsonrpc: "2.0",
      id: "get-proof",
      method: "getAssetProof",
      params: { id: nftMint },
    }),
  });

  const { result: proof } = await response.json();

  // Build transfer instruction using Bubblegum
  // This requires the Merkle tree address, proof path, etc.
  // The exact implementation depends on your setup
  
  // ... build and sign transaction with MWA
}

Note: cNFT transfers are more complex. Consider using @metaplex-foundation/mpl-bubblegum with Umi, or delegating to a marketplace API.

Marketplace Integration

Listing for Sale

Most apps don't build their own marketplace; they integrate with existing ones:

typescript
// Open Magic Eden listing page
import { Linking } from "react-native";

function listOnMagicEden(mintAddress: string) {
  const url = `https://magiceden.io/item-details/${mintAddress}`;
  Linking.openURL(url);
}

// Open Tensor listing page
function listOnTensor(mintAddress: string) {
  const url = `https://www.tensor.trade/item/${mintAddress}`;
  Linking.openURL(url);
}

Building Transactions via APIs

Some marketplaces provide APIs to build transactions:

typescript
// Tensor buy transaction example
async function buildTensorBuyTx(
  mintAddress: string,
  buyerAddress: string,
  maxPrice: number,
  apiKey: string
): Promise<VersionedTransaction> {
  const response = await fetch(
    "https://api.mainnet.tensordev.io/api/v1/tx/buy",
    {
      method: "POST",
      headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
        "x-tensor-api-key": apiKey,
      },
      body: JSON.stringify({
        buyer: buyerAddress,
        mint: mintAddress,
        maxPrice: maxPrice * 1_000_000_000, // Convert to lamports
      }),
    }
  );

  const data = await response.json();
  
  // Deserialize the transaction
  const txBuffer = Buffer.from(data.tx.data, "base64");
  return VersionedTransaction.deserialize(txBuffer);
}

Metaplex Core

Metaplex Core is a newer NFT standard that's simpler and more gas-efficient than Token Metadata:

typescript
import { 
  fetchAsset, 
  transfer as mplTransfer 
} from "@metaplex-foundation/mpl-core";
import { createUmi } from "@metaplex-foundation/umi-bundle-defaults";

// Create Umi instance
const umi = createUmi(rpcEndpoint);

// Fetch a Core asset
const asset = await fetchAsset(umi, assetAddress);

// Transfer (returns a transaction builder)
const tx = mplTransfer(umi, {
  asset: assetAddress,
  newOwner: recipientAddress,
});

// Build and serialize for MWA signing
const builtTx = await tx.buildAndSign(umi);

Mobile UX Patterns

Loading Skeletons

NFT images take time to load. Use skeletons:

typescript
function NftSkeleton() {
  return (
    <View style={styles.skeleton}>
      <Animated.View 
        style={[styles.shimmer, { opacity: shimmerOpacity }]} 
      />
    </View>
  );
}

function NftCard({ nft, isLoading }: Props) {
  if (isLoading) {
    return <NftSkeleton />;
  }
  
  return (
    <View style={styles.card}>
      <NftImage uri={nft.content.links.image} />
      <Text>{nft.content.metadata.name}</Text>
    </View>
  );
}

Pull to Refresh

typescript
function NftCollection() {
  const [refreshing, setRefreshing] = useState(false);
  
  const onRefresh = useCallback(async () => {
    setRefreshing(true);
    await refetchNfts();
    setRefreshing(false);
  }, []);

  return (
    <FlatList
      data={nfts}
      refreshControl={
        <RefreshControl 
          refreshing={refreshing} 
          onRefresh={onRefresh} 
        />
      }
      // ...
    />
  );
}

Confirmation Dialog

Always confirm before transferring valuable assets:

typescript
function TransferConfirmation({ nft, recipient, onConfirm, onCancel }) {
  return (
    <Modal visible={true} transparent>
      <View style={styles.modalContainer}>
        <NftImage uri={nft.image} size={120} />
        <Text style={styles.title}>Transfer NFT?</Text>
        <Text style={styles.nftName}>{nft.name}</Text>
        <Text style={styles.recipient}>
          To: {shortenAddress(recipient)}
        </Text>
        <Text style={styles.warning}>
          This action cannot be undone.
        </Text>
        <View style={styles.buttons}>
          <Button title="Cancel" onPress={onCancel} secondary />
          <Button title="Confirm" onPress={onConfirm} />
        </View>
      </View>
    </Modal>
  );
}

Key Takeaways

  • Use DAS API for fetching NFTs; it handles both regular and compressed NFTs

  • Fix image URIs before displaying (IPFS, Arweave gateways)

  • Compressed NFTs need proofs; transfers require Merkle proof data

  • Consider marketplace APIs for buying/selling instead of building your own

  • Always confirm transfers; NFTs are often valuable

Next, we'll explore Blinks and Actions: how to get ready-to-sign transactions from HTTP APIs.

Next LessonSolana Blinks and Actions on Mobile
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