使用 TypeScript 的 LiteSVM
litesvm 套件提供了核心測試基礎設施,讓您可以創建一個輕量級的 Solana 環境,在其中直接操作帳戶狀態並對您的程式執行交易。
First Steps
將 LiteSVM 添加到您的項目中:
npm i --save-dev litesvmLiteSVM Basics
首先聲明您的程式 ID 並創建一個 LiteSVM 實例。
使用您在程式中定義的完全相同的程式 ID,以確保交易正確執行並且在測試期間不會拋出 ProgramMismatch 錯誤:
import { LiteSVM } from "litesvm";
import { PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";
const programId = new PublicKey("22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222");
describe("test", () => {
// Create a new instance of LiteSVM
const svm = new LiteSVM();
// Load the program with the right public key
svm.addProgramFromFile(programId, "target/deploy/program.so");
})要執行測試,請創建一個交易對象並使用 .sendTransaction(tx) 函數:
import { LiteSVM } from "litesvm";
import { Transaction } from "@solana/web3.js";
describe("test", () => {
// Create a new instance of LiteSVM
const svm = new LiteSVM();
// Create a new Transaction
const tx = new Transaction();
// Add the latest blockhash
tx.recentBlockhash = svm.latestBlockhash();
// Add the instructions and the signers
// tx.add(...ixs);
// tx.sign(...signersKeypair);
// Send the transaction
svm.sendTransaction(tx);
})Accounts
在使用 LiteSVM 測試 Solana 程式時,您將處理多種類型的帳戶,這些帳戶模擬了真實世界的程式執行場景。
正確構建這些帳戶對於有效測試至關重要。
系統帳戶
最基本的帳戶類型是系統帳戶,主要有兩種變體:
付款帳戶:擁有 lamports 的帳戶,用於資助程式帳戶的創建或 lamport 的轉移
未初始化帳戶:沒有 lamports 的空帳戶,通常用於表示等待初始化的程式帳戶
系統帳戶不包含數據,並且由系統程式擁有。付款帳戶和未初始化帳戶的主要區別在於它們的 lamport 餘額:付款帳戶有資金,而未初始化帳戶則從空開始。
以下是在 LiteSVM 中創建 payer 帳戶的方法:
import { LiteSVM } from "litesvm";
import { Keypair, SystemProgram } from "@solana/web3.js";
describe("test", () => {
// Create a new instance of LiteSVM
const svm = new LiteSVM();
// Create a new Account
const account = Keypair.generate();
// Add the Account with the modified data
svm.setAccount(account.publicKey, {
lamports: 100_000_000,
data: Buffer.alloc(0),
owner: SystemProgram.programId,
executable: false,
});
})程式帳戶
對於包含自定義數據結構的程式帳戶,您可以使用類似的方法。
您還需要將帳戶數據序列化到緩衝區中,可以手動完成,也可以使用例如 @coral-xyz/borsh 的庫(請參見此處的示例)。
import { LiteSVM } from "litesvm";
import { Keypair } from "@solana/web3.js";
describe("test", () => {
// Create a new instance of LiteSVM
const svm = new LiteSVM();
// Create a new Account
const account = Keypair.generate();
// Populate the data of the Account
const accountData = Buffer.alloc(SIZE_OF_THE_ACCOUNT);
// Serialize the account data into the byte buffer defined above
// ...
// Grab the minimum amount of lamports to make it rent exempt
const lamports = svm.minimumBalanceForRentExemption(SIZE_OF_THE_ACCOUNT);
// Add the Account with the modified data
svm.setAccount(account.publicKey, {
lamports,
data: accountData,
owner: PROGRAM_ID,
executable: false,
});
})代幣帳戶
要序列化 SPL 代幣帳戶的數據,您可以使用 AccountLayout 和 MintLayout,這些來自 @solana/spl-token。
import { LiteSVM } from "litesvm";
import { Keypair } from "@solana/web3.js";
import { TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, AccountLayout, MintLayout, ACCOUNT_SIZE, MINT_SIZE } from "@solana/spl-token"
describe("test", () => {
// Create a new instance of LiteSVM
const svm = new LiteSVM();
const owner = Keypair.generate();
// Create a new Mint Account
const mint = Keypair.generate();
// Populate the data of the Mint Account
let mintData = Buffer.alloc(MINT_SIZE);
MintLayout.encode(
{
mintAuthorityOption: 1,
mintAuthority: owner.publicKey,
supply: BigInt(0),
decimals: 0,
isInitialized: true,
freezeAuthorityOption: 0,
freezeAuthority: PublicKey.default,
},
mintData
)
// Grab the minimum amount of lamports to make it rent exempt
const lamports = svm.minimumBalanceForRentExemption(MINT_SIZE);
// Add the Account with the modified data
svm.setAccount(mint.publicKey, {
lamports,
data: mintData,
owner: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
executable: false,
});
// Create a new Token Account
const tokenAccount = Keypair.generate();
// Populate the data of the Token Account
const tokenAccountData = Buffer.alloc(ACCOUNT_SIZE);
AccountLayout.encode(
{
mint: mint.publicKey,
owner: owner.publicKey,
amount: BigInt(100),
delegateOption: 0,
delegate: PublicKey.default,
delegatedAmount: BigInt(0),
state: 1,
isNativeOption: 0,
isNative: BigInt(0),
closeAuthorityOption: 0,
closeAuthority: PublicKey.default,
},
tokenAccountData,
);
// Grab the minimum amount of lamports to make it rent exempt
const lamports = svm.minimumBalanceForRentExemption(ACCOUNT_SIZE);
// Add the Account with the modified data
svm.setAccount(tokenAccount.publicKey, {
lamports,
data: tokenAccountData,
owner: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
executable: false,
});
})Execution
在創建帳戶並將其添加到您的 LiteSVM 實例後,您現在可以發送交易並驗證您的程序邏輯。
在發送交易之前,您可以模擬結果:
// Simulate before executing
const simulatedResult = svm.simulateTransaction(tx);然後發送交易並檢查其日誌:
// Execute and inspect logs
const result = svm.sendTransaction(tx);
console.log(result.logs);高級功能
在執行之前和之後,您 LiteSVM 實例中包含的整個分類帳都是可讀和可自定義的。
您可以操作系統變量的值,例如時鐘:
// Change the Clock
const newClock = svm.getClock();
newClock.unixTimestamp = 50n;
svm.setClock(newClock);
// Jump to a certain Slot
svm.warpToSlot(500);
// Expire the current blockhash
svm.expireBlockhash();您還可以讀取帳戶和協議數據:
// Get all the information about an account (data, lamports, owner, ...)
svm.getAccount(account.publicKey);
// Get the lamport balance of an account
svm.getBalance(account.publicKey);或者配置運行時的行為方式:
// Sets the compute budget
const computeBudget = new ComputeBudget();
computeBudget.computeUnitLimit = 2_000_000n;
svm.withComputeBudget(computeBudget);
// Sets Sigverify as active
svm.withSigverify(true);
// Sets the Blockhash check as active
svm.withBlockhashCheck(true);
// Sets the default Sysvars
svm.withSysvars();
// Set the FeatureSet to use
svm.withFeatureSet(new FeatureSet(...))