Typescript
使用LiteSVM進行測試

使用LiteSVM進行測試

使用 TypeScript 的 LiteSVM

litesvm 套件提供了核心測試基礎設施,讓您可以創建一個輕量級的 Solana 環境,在其中直接操作帳戶狀態並對您的程式執行交易。

First Steps

將 LiteSVM 添加到您的項目中:

npm i --save-dev litesvm

LiteSVM Basics

首先聲明您的程式 ID 並創建一個 LiteSVM 實例。

使用您在程式中定義的完全相同的程式 ID,以確保交易正確執行並且在測試期間不會拋出 ProgramMismatch 錯誤:

ts
import { LiteSVM } from "litesvm";
import { PublicKey } from "@solana/web3.js";

const programId = new PublicKey("22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222");

describe("test", () => {
  // Create a new instance of LiteSVM
  const svm = new LiteSVM();

  // Load the program with the right public key
  svm.addProgramFromFile(programId, "target/deploy/program.so");
});

要執行測試,請創建一個交易對象並使用 .sendTransaction(tx) 函數:

ts
import { LiteSVM } from "litesvm";
import { Transaction } from "@solana/web3.js";

describe("test", () => {
  // Create a new instance of LiteSVM
  const svm = new LiteSVM();

  // Create a new Transaction
  const tx = new Transaction();

  // Add the latest blockhash
  tx.recentBlockhash = svm.latestBlockhash();

  // Add the instructions and the signers
  // tx.add(...ixs);
  // tx.sign(...signersKeypair);

  // Send the transaction
  svm.sendTransaction(tx);
});
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Accounts

在使用 LiteSVM 測試 Solana 程式時,您將處理多種類型的帳戶,這些帳戶模擬了真實世界的程式執行場景。

正確構建這些帳戶對於有效測試至關重要。

系統帳戶

最基本的帳戶類型是系統帳戶,主要有兩種變體:

  • 付款帳戶:擁有 lamports 的帳戶,用於資助程式帳戶的創建或 lamport 的轉移

  • 未初始化帳戶:沒有 lamports 的空帳戶,通常用於表示等待初始化的程式帳戶

系統帳戶不包含數據,並且由系統程式擁有。付款帳戶和未初始化帳戶的主要區別在於它們的 lamport 餘額:付款帳戶有資金,而未初始化帳戶則從空開始。

以下是在 LiteSVM 中創建 payer 帳戶的方法:

ts
import { LiteSVM } from "litesvm";
import { Keypair, SystemProgram } from "@solana/web3.js";

describe("test", () => {
  // Create a new instance of LiteSVM
  const svm = new LiteSVM();

  // Create a new Account
  const account = Keypair.generate();

  // Add the Account with the modified data
  svm.setAccount(account.publicKey, {
    lamports: 100_000_000,
    data: Buffer.alloc(0),
    owner: SystemProgram.programId,
    executable: false,
  });
});
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未初始化帳戶只是普通生成的帳戶,具有 Keypair.generate() - 無需額外設置。

程式帳戶

對於包含自定義數據結構的程式帳戶,您可以使用類似的方法。 您還需要將帳戶數據序列化到緩衝區中,可以手動完成,也可以使用例如 @coral-xyz/borsh 的庫(請參見此處的示例)。

ts
import { LiteSVM } from "litesvm";
import { Keypair } from "@solana/web3.js";

describe("test", () => {
  // Create a new instance of LiteSVM
  const svm = new LiteSVM();

  // Create a new Account
  const account = Keypair.generate();

  // Populate the data of the Account
  const accountData = Buffer.alloc(SIZE_OF_THE_ACCOUNT);

  // Serialize the account data into the byte buffer defined above
  // ...

  // Grab the minimum amount of lamports to make it rent exempt
  const lamports = svm.minimumBalanceForRentExemption(SIZE_OF_THE_ACCOUNT);

  // Add the Account with the modified data
  svm.setAccount(account.publicKey, {
    lamports,
    data: accountData,
    owner: PROGRAM_ID,
    executable: false,
  });
});
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在測試中,您無需計算準確的租金。您可以將 lamports 設置為一個較大的值,例如 100_000_000_000,並跳過租金計算,因為這些並不是真實的資金。

代幣帳戶

要序列化 SPL 代幣帳戶的數據,您可以使用 AccountLayoutMintLayout,這些來自 @solana/spl-token

ts
import { LiteSVM } from "litesvm";
import { Keypair } from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
  TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
  AccountLayout,
  MintLayout,
  ACCOUNT_SIZE,
  MINT_SIZE,
} from "@solana/spl-token";

describe("test", () => {
  // Create a new instance of LiteSVM
  const svm = new LiteSVM();

  const owner = Keypair.generate();

  // Create a new Mint Account
  const mint = Keypair.generate();

  // Populate the data of the Mint Account
  let mintData = Buffer.alloc(MINT_SIZE);
  MintLayout.encode(
    {
      mintAuthorityOption: 1,
      mintAuthority: owner.publicKey,
      supply: BigInt(0),
      decimals: 0,
      isInitialized: true,
      freezeAuthorityOption: 0,
      freezeAuthority: PublicKey.default,
    },
    mintData,
  );

  // Grab the minimum amount of lamports to make it rent exempt
  const lamports = svm.minimumBalanceForRentExemption(MINT_SIZE);

  // Add the Account with the modified data
  svm.setAccount(mint.publicKey, {
    lamports,
    data: mintData,
    owner: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    executable: false,
  });

  // Create a new Token Account
  const tokenAccount = Keypair.generate();

  // Populate the data of the Token Account
  const tokenAccountData = Buffer.alloc(ACCOUNT_SIZE);
  AccountLayout.encode(
    {
      mint: mint.publicKey,
      owner: owner.publicKey,
      amount: BigInt(100),
      delegateOption: 0,
      delegate: PublicKey.default,
      delegatedAmount: BigInt(0),
      state: 1,
      isNativeOption: 0,
      isNative: BigInt(0),
      closeAuthorityOption: 0,
      closeAuthority: PublicKey.default,
    },
    tokenAccountData,
  );

  // Grab the minimum amount of lamports to make it rent exempt
  const lamports = svm.minimumBalanceForRentExemption(ACCOUNT_SIZE);

  // Add the Account with the modified data
  svm.setAccount(tokenAccount.publicKey, {
    lamports,
    data: tokenAccountData,
    owner: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
    executable: false,
  });
});
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Execution

在創建帳戶並將其添加到您的 LiteSVM 實例後,您現在可以發送交易並驗證您的程序邏輯。

在發送交易之前,您可以模擬結果:

ts
// Simulate before executing
const simulatedResult = svm.simulateTransaction(tx);

然後發送交易並檢查其日誌:

ts
// Execute and inspect logs
const result = svm.sendTransaction(tx);
console.log(result.logs);

高級功能

在執行之前和之後,您 LiteSVM 實例中包含的整個分類帳都是可讀和可自定義的。

您可以操作系統變量的值,例如時鐘:

ts
// Change the Clock
const newClock = svm.getClock();
newClock.unixTimestamp = 50n;
svm.setClock(newClock);

// Jump to a certain Slot
svm.warpToSlot(500);

// Expire the current blockhash
svm.expireBlockhash();

您還可以讀取帳戶和協議數據:

ts
// Get all the information about an account (data, lamports, owner, ...)
svm.getAccount(account.publicKey);

// Get the lamport balance of an account
svm.getBalance(account.publicKey);

或者配置運行時的行為方式:

ts
// Sets the compute budget
const computeBudget = new ComputeBudget();
computeBudget.computeUnitLimit = 2_000_000n;
svm.withComputeBudget(computeBudget);

// Sets Sigverify as active
svm.withSigverify(true);

// Sets the Blockhash check as active
svm.withBlockhashCheck(true);

// Sets the default Sysvars
svm.withSysvars();

// Set the FeatureSet to use
svm.withFeatureSet(new FeatureSet(...))
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