L'Extension Transfer Fee
L'extension TransferFee
(Frais de transfert) est une extension de compte de Mint
qui permet au créateur de fixer une "taxe" sur le jeton prélevée à chaque fois que quelqu'un effectue un échange.
Pour éviter que le destinataire des frais ne soit bloqué en écriture à chaque fois qu'un échange est effectué et pour garantir que nous pouvons paralléliser les transactions contenant un Mint
avec cette extension, les frais sont mis de côté dans le compte de jetons du destinataire, que seul le Withdraw Authority
peut retirer.
Initialisation du Compte de Mint
Comme Anchor
ne possède aucune macro pour l'extension transfer_fee
nous allons créer un compte de Token
à l'aide de CPIs bruts.
Voici comment créer un compte de mint avec l'extension transfer_fee
:
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use anchor_lang::system_program::{create_account, CreateAccount};
use anchor_spl::{
token_2022::{
initialize_mint2,
spl_token_2022::{
extension::{
transfer_fee::TransferFeeConfig, BaseStateWithExtensions, ExtensionType,
StateWithExtensions,
},
pod::PodMint,
state::Mint as MintState,
},
InitializeMint2,
},
token_interface::{
spl_pod::optional_keys::OptionalNonZeroPubkey, transfer_fee_initialize, Token2022,
TransferFeeInitialize,
},
};
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Initialize<'info> {
#[account(mut)]
pub payer: Signer<'info>,
#[account(mut)]
pub mint_account: Signer<'info>,
pub token_program: Program<'info, Token2022>,
pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}
pub fn initialize_transfer_fee_config(
ctx: Context<Initialize>,
transfer_fee_basis_points: u16,
maximum_fee: u64,
) -> Result<()> {
// Calculate space required for mint and extension data
let mint_size =
ExtensionType::try_calculate_account_len::<PodMint>(&[ExtensionType::TransferFeeConfig])?;
// Calculate minimum lamports required for size of mint account with extensions
let lamports = (Rent::get()?).minimum_balance(mint_size);
// Invoke System Program to create new account with space for mint and extension data
create_account(
CpiContext::new(
ctx.accounts.system_program.to_account_info(),
CreateAccount {
from: ctx.accounts.payer.to_account_info(),
to: ctx.accounts.mint_account.to_account_info(),
},
),
lamports, // Lamports
mint_size as u64, // Space
&ctx.accounts.token_program.key(), // Owner Program
)?;
// Initialize the transfer fee extension data
// This instruction must come before the instruction to initialize the mint data
transfer_fee_initialize(
CpiContext::new(
ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
TransferFeeInitialize {
token_program_id: ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
mint: ctx.accounts.mint_account.to_account_info(),
},
),
Some(&ctx.accounts.payer.key()), // transfer fee config authority (update fee)
Some(&ctx.accounts.payer.key()), // withdraw authority (withdraw fees)
transfer_fee_basis_points, // transfer fee basis points (% fee per transfer)
maximum_fee, // maximum fee (maximum units of token per transfer)
)?;
// Initialize the standard mint account data
initialize_mint2(
CpiContext::new(
ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
InitializeMint2 {
mint: ctx.accounts.mint_account.to_account_info(),
},
),
2, // decimals
&ctx.accounts.payer.key(), // mint authority
Some(&ctx.accounts.payer.key()), // freeze authority
)?;
Ok(())
}
Transferring Tokens with the Fee
Pour transférer des jetons dont le Mint
a l'extension transfer_fee
deux options sont possibles :
- Nous pouvons utiliser l'instruction
transfer_checked()
et, ce faisant, le calcul des frais est géré automatiquement. - Nous pouvons utiliser l'instruction
transfer_checked_with_fee()
et saisir manuellement lesfee
que nous allons payer pour ce transfert. Cela est très utile si nous voulons nous assurer de ne pas être "lésés" si l'autorité modifie les frais et impose des frais anormalement élevés. C'est comme définir le slippage pour un transfert.
Voici comment effectuer un transfert à l'aide de l'instruction transfer_checked_with_fee()
:
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use anchor_spl::{
associated_token::AssociatedToken,
token_2022::spl_token_2022::{
extension::{
transfer_fee::TransferFeeConfig, BaseStateWithExtensions, StateWithExtensions,
},
state::Mint as MintState,
},
token_interface::{
transfer_checked_with_fee, Mint, Token2022, TokenAccount, TransferCheckedWithFee,
},
};
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Transfer<'info> {
#[account(mut)]
pub sender: Signer<'info>,
pub recipient: SystemAccount<'info>,
#[account(mut)]
pub mint_account: InterfaceAccount<'info, Mint>,
#[account(
mut,
associated_token::mint = mint_account,
associated_token::authority = sender,
associated_token::token_program = token_program
)]
pub sender_token_account: InterfaceAccount<'info, TokenAccount>,
#[account(
init_if_needed,
payer = sender,
associated_token::mint = mint_account,
associated_token::authority = recipient,
associated_token::token_program = token_program
)]
pub recipient_token_account: InterfaceAccount<'info, TokenAccount>,
pub token_program: Program<'info, Token2022>,
pub associated_token_program: Program<'info, AssociatedToken>,
pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}
// transfer fees are automatically deducted from the transfer amount
// recipients receives (transfer amount - fees)
// transfer fees are stored directly on the recipient token account and must be "harvested"
pub fn transfer_checked_with_fee(ctx: Context<Transfer>, amount: u64) -> Result<()> {
// read mint account extension data
let mint = &ctx.accounts.mint_account.to_account_info();
let mint_data = mint.data.borrow();
let mint_with_extension = StateWithExtensions::<MintState>::unpack(&mint_data)?;
let extension_data = mint_with_extension.get_extension::<TransferFeeConfig>()?;
// calculate expected fee
let epoch = Clock::get()?.epoch;
let fee = extension_data.calculate_epoch_fee(epoch, amount).unwrap();
// mint account decimals
let decimals = ctx.accounts.mint_account.decimals;
transfer_checked_with_fee(
CpiContext::new(
ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
TransferCheckedWithFee {
token_program_id: ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
source: ctx.accounts.sender_token_account.to_account_info(),
mint: ctx.accounts.mint_account.to_account_info(),
destination: ctx.accounts.recipient_token_account.to_account_info(),
authority: ctx.accounts.sender.to_account_info(),
},
),
amount, // transfer amount
decimals, // decimals
fee, // fee
)?;
Ok(())
}
Pour récupérer ensuite les frais, nous pouvons rassembler tous les Token Account
qui contiennent des frais "piégés" et les passer comme compte restant (remaining account). Du côté de Typescript, cela ressemblerait à quelque chose comme ça :
// Retrieve all Token Accounts for the Mint Account
const allAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, {
commitment: "confirmed",
filters: [
{
memcmp: {
offset: 0,
bytes: mint.publicKey.toString(), // Mint Account address
},
},
],
});
// List of Token Accounts to withdraw fees from
const accountsToWithdrawFrom: PublicKey[] = [];
for (const accountInfo of allAccounts) {
const account = unpackAccount(
accountInfo.pubkey,
accountInfo.account,
TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
// Extract transfer fee data from each account
const transferFeeAmount = getTransferFeeAmount(account);
// Check if fees are available to be withdrawn
if (transferFeeAmount !== null && transferFeeAmount.withheldAmount > 0) {
accountsToWithdrawFrom.push(accountInfo.pubkey);
}
}
// ...instruction data and accounts
remainingAccounts: accountsToWithdrawFrom.map(pubkey => ({
pubkey,
isWritable: true,
isSigner: false
})),
Après avoir paramétré tous les comptes nécessaires, pour retirer des jetons vers l'authority_token_account
Nous devons "récolter" tous les frais des comptes de jetons à l'aide de l'instruction harvest_withheld_tokens_to_mint()
puis les récupérer sur un token_account
choisi par l'authority
à l'aide de l'instruction withdraw_withheld_tokens_from_mint()
.
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use anchor_spl::token_interface::{
harvest_withheld_tokens_to_mint, HarvestWithheldTokensToMint, withdraw_withheld_tokens_from_mint, WithdrawWithheldTokensFromMint, Mint, Token2022, TokenAccount,
};
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct HarvestAndWithdrawFees<'info> {
pub authority: Signer<'info>,
#[account(mut)]
pub mint_account: InterfaceAccount<'info, Mint>,
#[account(mut)]
pub token_account: InterfaceAccount<'info, TokenAccount>,
pub token_program: Program<'info, Token2022>,
}
pub fn harvest_and_withdraw_fees<'info>(ctx: Context<'_, '_, 'info, 'info, HarvestAndWithdrawFees<'info>>) -> Result<()> {
// Using remaining accounts to allow for passing in an unknown number of token accounts to harvest from
// Check that remaining accounts are token accounts for the mint to harvest to
let sources = ctx
.remaining_accounts
.iter()
.filter_map(|account| {
InterfaceAccount::<TokenAccount>::try_from(account)
.ok()
.filter(|token_account| token_account.mint == ctx.accounts.mint_account.key())
.map(|_| account.to_account_info())
})
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
// transfer fees are stored directly on the recipient token account and must be "harvested"
// "harvesting" transfers fees accumulated on token accounts to the mint account
harvest_withheld_tokens_to_mint(
CpiContext::new(
ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
HarvestWithheldTokensToMint {
token_program_id: ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
mint: ctx.accounts.mint_account.to_account_info(),
},
),
sources, // token accounts to harvest from
)?;
// transfer fees "harvested" to the mint account can then be withdraw by the withdraw authority
// this transfers fees on the mint account to the specified token account
withdraw_withheld_tokens_from_mint(CpiContext::new(
ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
WithdrawWithheldTokensFromMint {
token_program_id: ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
mint: ctx.accounts.mint_account.to_account_info(),
destination: ctx.accounts.token_account.to_account_info(),
authority: ctx.accounts.authority.to_account_info(),
},
))?;
Ok(())
}
Mise à jour des Frais
Après avoir initialisé notre Mint
avec l'extension TranferFee
, nous pourrions avoir besoin de mettre à jour ces frais à l'avenir. Et pour s'assurer que le créateur ne "dupe" pas les détenteurs de jetons en leur proposant des frais très bas pour les attirer puis en leur imposant des frais très élevés à chaque transfert, le nouveau TranferFee
sera activé après 2 époques.
Pour tenir compte de cela, voici à quoi ressemblent les données de l'extension TransferFee
:
pub struct TransferFeeConfig {
pub transfer_fee_config_authority: Pubkey,
pub withdraw_withheld_authority: Pubkey,
pub withheld_amount: u64,
pub older_transfer_fee: TransferFee,
pub newer_transfer_fee: TransferFee,
}
pub struct TransferFee {
pub epoch: u64,
pub maximum_fee: u64,
pub transfer_fee_basis_point: u16,
}
Pour modifier les frais, nous pouvons utiliser l'instruction transfer_fee_set()
comme ceci :
use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
use anchor_spl::token_interface::{transfer_fee_set, Mint, Token2022, TransferFeeSetTransferFee};
#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct UpdateFee<'info> {
pub authority: Signer<'info>,
#[account(mut)]
pub mint_account: InterfaceAccount<'info, Mint>,
pub token_program: Program<'info, Token2022>,
}
// Note that there is a 2 epoch delay from when new fee updates take effect
// This is a safely feature built into the extension
// https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/blob/master/token/program-2022/src/extension/transfer_fee/processor.rs#L92-L109
pub fn update_fee(
ctx: Context<UpdateFee>,
transfer_fee_basis_points: u16,
maximum_fee: u64,
) -> Result<()> {
transfer_fee_set(
CpiContext::new(
ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
TransferFeeSetTransferFee {
token_program_id: ctx.accounts.token_program.to_account_info(),
mint: ctx.accounts.mint_account.to_account_info(),
authority: ctx.accounts.authority.to_account_info(),
},
),
transfer_fee_basis_points, // transfer fee basis points (% fee per transfer)
maximum_fee, // maximum fee (maximum units of token per transfer)
)?;
Ok(())
}