默认账户状态扩展

DefaultAccountState 扩展是一种铸币扩展，它允许所有新创建的 Token 账户默认被冻结。然后，铸币的 Freeze Authority 可以解冻（解除冻结）这些 Token 账户，使其可以使用。

初始化铸币账户

要在 Mint 账户上初始化 DefaultAccountState 扩展，我们需要使用 initializeDefaultAccountState() 函数。

以下是如何使用默认账户状态扩展创建铸币的方法：

ts
import {
    Keypair,
    SystemProgram,
    Transaction,
    sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from '@solana/web3.js';
import {
    createInitializeMintInstruction,
    createInitializeDefaultAccountStateInstruction,
    getMintLen,
    ExtensionType,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
} from '@solana/spl-token';
 
const mint = Keypair.generate();
 
// Calculate the size needed for a Mint account with Transfer Fee extension
const mintLen = getMintLen([ExtensionType.DefaultAccountState]);
 
// Calculate minimum lamports required for rent exemption
const lamports = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLen);
 
// Create the account with the correct size and owner
const createAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    fromPubkey: keypair.publicKey,
    newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey,
    space: mintLen,
    lamports,
    programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
});
 
// Initialize the Default Account State extension
const initializeDefaultAccountState = createInitializeDefaultAccountStateInstruction(
    mint.publicKey,
    AccountState.Frozen,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
 
// Initialize the mint itself
const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(
    mint.publicKey,
    6,
    keypair.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey, // freeze authority is MANDATORY
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
 
// Combine all instructions in the correct order
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
    createAccountInstruction,
    initializeDefaultAccountState,
    initializeMintInstruction,
);
 
const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair, mint]);
 
console.log(`Mint created! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);

请记住，Freeze Authority 在 Mint 上是此扩展的必需条件，否则我们将无法在创建时解冻任何 Token 账户。

解冻代币账户

拥有 DefaultAccountState 扩展意味着所有初始化的 Token 账户默认都会被 frozen。

这意味着如果我们不解冻（解除冻结）这些 Token 账户，就无法 Mint、Transfer 或执行任何操作。

我们可以使用 thawAccount 指令轻松解冻一个 Token 账户，如下所示：

ts
const ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
    mint.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey,
    false,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);
 
const createAtaInstruction = createAssociatedTokenAccountIdempotentInstruction(
    keypair.publicKey, // payer
    ata, // associated token account address
    keypair.publicKey, // owner
    mint.publicKey, // mint
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
)
 
const thawAtaInstruction = createThawAccountInstruction(
    ata,
    mint.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey,
    undefined,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
 
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
    createAtaInstruction,
    thawAtaInstruction,
);
 
const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair], {skipPreflight: true});
 
console.log(`Token accounts created and thawed! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);

更改默认账户状态

一旦我们不再需要对代币分发进行更严格的控制，并希望让所有人自由交易代币时，可以使用 updateDefaultAccountState 指令更改默认账户状态，如下所示：

ts
const updateDefaultAccountStateInstruction = createUpdateDefaultAccountStateInstruction(
    mint.publicKey,
    AccountState.Initialized,
    keypair.publicKey,
    undefined,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
 
const transaction = new Transaction().add(updateDefaultAccountStateInstruction);
 
const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair]);
 
console.log(`Default account state changed! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);

使用 Web3.js 的 Token2022

默认账户状态扩展

初始化铸币账户

解冻代币账户

更改默认账户状态