默认账户状态扩展

Name: 使用 Web3.js 的 Token2022
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DefaultAccountState 扩展是一种铸币扩展，它允许所有新创建的 Token 账户默认被冻结。然后，铸币的 Freeze Authority 可以解冻（解除冻结）这些 Token 账户，使其可以使用。

初始化铸币账户

要在 Mint 账户上初始化 DefaultAccountState 扩展，我们需要使用 initializeDefaultAccountState() 函数。

以下是如何使用默认账户状态扩展创建铸币的方法：

import { Keypair, SystemProgram, Transaction, sendAndConfirmTransaction } from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
  createInitializeMintInstruction,
  createInitializeDefaultAccountStateInstruction,
  getMintLen,
  ExtensionType,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
} from "@solana/spl-token";

const mint = Keypair.generate();

// Calculate the size needed for a Mint account with Transfer Fee extension
const mintLen = getMintLen([ExtensionType.DefaultAccountState]);

// Calculate minimum lamports required for rent exemption
const lamports = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLen);

// Create the account with the correct size and owner
const createAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
  fromPubkey: keypair.publicKey,
  newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey,
  space: mintLen,
  lamports,
  programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
});

// Initialize the Default Account State extension
const initializeDefaultAccountState = createInitializeDefaultAccountStateInstruction(
  mint.publicKey,
  AccountState.Frozen,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

// Initialize the mint itself
const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(
  mint.publicKey,
  6,
  keypair.publicKey,
  keypair.publicKey, // freeze authority is MANDATORY
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

// Combine all instructions in the correct order
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
  createAccountInstruction,
  initializeDefaultAccountState,
  initializeMintInstruction,
);

const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair, mint]);

console.log(
  `Mint created! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`,
);

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请记住，Freeze Authority 在 Mint 上是此扩展的必需条件，否则我们将无法在创建时解冻任何 Token 账户。

解冻代币账户

拥有 DefaultAccountState 扩展意味着所有初始化的 Token 账户默认都会被 frozen。

这意味着如果我们不解冻（解除冻结）这些 Token 账户，就无法 Mint、Transfer 或执行任何操作。

我们可以使用 thawAccount 指令轻松解冻一个 Token 账户，如下所示：

const ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
  mint.publicKey,
  keypair.publicKey,
  false,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

const createAtaInstruction = createAssociatedTokenAccountIdempotentInstruction(
  keypair.publicKey, // payer
  ata, // associated token account address
  keypair.publicKey, // owner
  mint.publicKey, // mint
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

const thawAtaInstruction = createThawAccountInstruction(
  ata,
  mint.publicKey,
  keypair.publicKey,
  undefined,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

const transaction = new Transaction().add(createAtaInstruction, thawAtaInstruction);

const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair], {
  skipPreflight: true,
});

console.log(
  `Token accounts created and thawed! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`,
);

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更改默认账户状态

一旦我们不再需要对代币分发进行更严格的控制，并希望让所有人自由交易代币时，可以使用 updateDefaultAccountState 指令更改默认账户状态，如下所示：

const updateDefaultAccountStateInstruction = createUpdateDefaultAccountStateInstruction(
  mint.publicKey,
  AccountState.Initialized,
  keypair.publicKey,
  undefined,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

const transaction = new Transaction().add(updateDefaultAccountStateInstruction);

const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair]);

console.log(
  `Default account state changed! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`,
);