Typescript
使用 Web3.js 的 Token2022

使用 Web3.js 的 Token2022

转账手续费扩展

TransferFee 扩展是一个 Mint 扩展,允许创建者设置一种“税”,每当有人进行交换时都会收取该税。

为了确保手续费接收者在每次有人进行交换时不会被写锁定,并确保我们可以并行处理包含此扩展的 Mint 的交易,手续费会被存放在接收者的 Token Account 中,只有 Withdraw Authority 可以提取。

初始化铸币账户

要在 Mint 账户上初始化 TransferFee 扩展,我们需要使用 createInitializeTransferFeeConfigInstruction() 函数。

以下是如何创建带有转账手续费扩展的铸币账户:

import {
    Keypair,
    SystemProgram,
    Transaction,
    sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from '@solana/web3.js';
import {
    createInitializeMintInstruction,
    createInitializeTransferFeeConfigInstruction,
    getMintLen,
    ExtensionType,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
} from '@solana/spl-token';
 
const mint = Keypair.generate();
 
// Calculate the size needed for a Mint account with Transfer Fee extension
const mintLen = getMintLen([ExtensionType.TransferFeeConfig]);
 
// Calculate minimum lamports required for rent exemption
const lamports = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLen);
 
// Create the account with the correct size and owner
const createAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    fromPubkey: keypair.publicKey,
    newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey,
    space: mintLen,
    lamports,
    programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
});
 
// Initialize the Transfer Fee extension
const initializeTransferFeeConfig = createInitializeTransferFeeConfigInstruction(
    mint.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey,
    500,
    BigInt(1e6),
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
 
// Initialize the mint itself
const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(
    mint.publicKey,
    6,
    keypair.publicKey,
    null,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
 
// Combine all instructions in the correct order
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
    createAccountInstruction,
    initializeTransferFeeConfig,
    initializeMintInstruction,
);
 
const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair, mint]);
 
console.log(`Mint created! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);

带手续费的代币转账

要为带有 TransferFee 扩展的 Mint 转账代币,我们有两种方式:

  • 我们可以使用普通的 transferChecked() 指令,这样手续费的计算会自动处理。
  • 我们可以使用 tranferCheckedWithFee() 指令,并手动提供我们将在该转账中支付的 fee。如果我们想确保在权限更改手续费并设置异常高的手续费时不会被“割韭菜”,这非常有用;这就像为转账设置滑点一样。

即使权限更改了手续费,新手续费会在设置后 2 个 epoch 生效。

以下是如何使用 tranferCheckedWithFee() 指令进行转账:

createTransferCheckedWithFeeInstruction(
    sourceTokenAccount,
    mint.publicKey, 
    destinationTokenAccount, 
    keypair.publicKey, 
    BigInt(100e6), // transfer amount
    6, // decimals
    BigInt(1e6), // fee paid for the transfer
    undefined,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
)
 
const transaction = new Transaction().add(transferInstructions);
 
const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair]);
 
console.log(`Tokens transferred! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);

收取手续费

如介绍中所述,转账费用保留在接收代币的 Token 账户中,以避免对 Mint 账户或 sourceTokenAccount 账户进行写锁定。因此,在提取费用之前,我们需要能够搜索所有包含费用的 Token 账户。

我们可以通过设置过滤器并获取属于该铸币的所有账户来实现,如下所示:

// Retrieve all Token Accounts for the Mint Account
const allAccounts = await connection.getProgramAccounts(TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID, {
    commitment: "confirmed",
    filters: [
        {
            memcmp: {
                offset: 0,
                bytes: mint.publicKey.toString(), // Mint Account address
            },
        },
    ],
});

然后,通过解包 Token 账户并使用 getTransferAmoun() 函数,我们可以获取包含费用的所有 Token 账户的列表,如下所示:

// List of Token Accounts to withdraw fees from
const accountsToWithdrawFrom: PublicKey[] = [];
 
for (const accountInfo of allAccounts) {
    const account = unpackAccount(
        accountInfo.pubkey,
        accountInfo.account,
        TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
    );
 
    // Extract transfer fee data from each account
    const transferFeeAmount = getTransferFeeAmount(account);
 
    // Check if fees are available to be withdrawn
    if (transferFeeAmount !== null && transferFeeAmount.withheldAmount > 0) {
        accountsToWithdrawFrom.push(accountInfo.pubkey);
    }
}

之后,我们可以使用 withdrawWithheldTokensFromAccounts 指令和 Withdraw Authority 传递 accountsToWithdrawFrom 列表,如下所示:

const harvestInstructions = createWithdrawWithheldTokensFromAccountsInstruction(
    mint.publicKey,
    sourceTokenAccount,
    keypair.publicKey,
    [],
    accountsToWithdrawFrom,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);
 
const transaction = new Transaction().add(harvestInstructions);
 
const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair]);
 
console.log(`Withheld tokens harvested! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);

更新费用

在使用 TranferFee 扩展初始化我们的 Mint 后,未来可能需要更新该特定费用。为了确保创建者不会通过设置高额费用在每次转账时对代币持有者进行“诱骗和切换”,新的 TranferFee 将在 2 个 epoch 后激活。

为此,以下是 TransferFee 扩展的数据结构:

pub struct TransferFeeConfig {
    pub transfer_fee_config_authority: Pubkey,
    pub withdraw_withheld_authority: Pubkey,
    pub withheld_amount: u64,
    pub older_transfer_fee: TransferFee,
    pub newer_transfer_fee: TransferFee,
}
 
pub struct TransferFee {
    pub epoch: u64,
    pub maximum_fee: u64,
    pub transfer_fee_basis_point: u16,
}

因此,我们可以使用 setTransferFee 指令更改费用,如下所示:

const setTransferFeeInstruction = createSetTransferFeeInstruction(
    mint.publicKey
    keypair.publicKey
    [],
    BigInt(1000), // new transfer fee
    BigInt(100e6), // new maximum fee amount
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
)
 
const transaction = new Transaction().add(setTransferFeeInstruction);
 
const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair]);
 
console.log(`Withheld tokens harvested! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);
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