預設帳戶狀態擴展

Name: 使用Web3.js的Token2022
Availability: InStock

DefaultAccountState 擴展是一個 Mint 擴展，允許所有新創建的 Token 帳戶在該特定 Mint 中默認為凍結狀態。Mint 的 Freeze Authority 然後可以解凍（解除凍結）這些 Token 帳戶，使其可以使用。

初始化 Mint 帳戶

要在 Mint 帳戶上初始化 DefaultAccountState 擴展，我們需要使用 initializeDefaultAccountState() 函數。

以下是如何使用預設帳戶狀態擴展創建一個 Mint：

import { Keypair, SystemProgram, Transaction, sendAndConfirmTransaction } from "@solana/web3.js";
import {
  createInitializeMintInstruction,
  createInitializeDefaultAccountStateInstruction,
  getMintLen,
  ExtensionType,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
} from "@solana/spl-token";

const mint = Keypair.generate();

// Calculate the size needed for a Mint account with Default Account State extension
const mintLen = getMintLen([ExtensionType.DefaultAccountState]);

// Calculate minimum lamports required for rent exemption
const lamports = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLen);

// Create the account with the correct size and owner
const createAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
  fromPubkey: keypair.publicKey,
  newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey,
  space: mintLen,
  lamports,
  programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
});

// Initialize the Default Account State extension
const initializeDefaultAccountState = createInitializeDefaultAccountStateInstruction(
  mint.publicKey,
  AccountState.Frozen,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

// Initialize the mint itself
const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(
  mint.publicKey,
  6,
  keypair.publicKey,
  keypair.publicKey, // freeze authority is MANDATORY
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

// Combine all instructions in the correct order
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
  createAccountInstruction,
  initializeDefaultAccountState,
  initializeMintInstruction,
);

const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair, mint]);

console.log(
  `Mint created! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`,
);

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請記住，Freeze Authority 在 Mint 上是此擴展的必要條件，否則我們將無法在創建時解凍任何 Token 帳戶。

解凍代幣帳戶

擁有 DefaultAccountState 擴展意味著所有初始化的 Token 帳戶將默認為 frozen 狀態。

這意味著如果我們不解凍（解除凍結）它們，就無法 Mint、Transfer 或幾乎無法對這些 Token 帳戶執行任何操作。

我們可以使用 thawAccount 指令輕鬆解凍一個 Token 帳戶，如下所示：

const ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
  mint.publicKey,
  keypair.publicKey,
  false,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

const createAtaInstruction = createAssociatedTokenAccountIdempotentInstruction(
  keypair.publicKey, // payer
  ata, // associated token account address
  keypair.publicKey, // owner
  mint.publicKey, // mint
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

const thawAtaInstruction = createThawAccountInstruction(
  ata,
  mint.publicKey,
  keypair.publicKey,
  undefined,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

const transaction = new Transaction().add(createAtaInstruction, thawAtaInstruction);

const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair], {
  skipPreflight: true,
});

console.log(
  `Token accounts created and thawed! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`,
);

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更改預設帳戶狀態

當我們不再需要對代幣分發進行更高的控制，並希望讓所有人自由交易或使用代幣時，我們可以使用 updateDefaultAccountState 指令更改預設帳戶狀態，如下所示：

const updateDefaultAccountStateInstruction = createUpdateDefaultAccountStateInstruction(
  mint.publicKey,
  AccountState.Initialized,
  keypair.publicKey,
  undefined,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

const transaction = new Transaction().add(updateDefaultAccountStateInstruction);

const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair]);

console.log(
  `Default account state changed! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`,
);