Typescript
使用Web3.js的Token2022

使用Web3.js的Token2022

預設帳戶狀態擴展

DefaultAccountState 擴展是一個 Mint 擴展,允許所有新創建的 Token 帳戶在該特定 Mint 中默認為凍結狀態。Mint 的 Freeze Authority 然後可以解凍(解除凍結)這些 Token 帳戶,使其可以使用。

初始化 Mint 帳戶

要在 Mint 帳戶上初始化 DefaultAccountState 擴展,我們需要使用 initializeDefaultAccountState() 函數。

以下是如何使用預設帳戶狀態擴展創建一個 Mint:

ts
import {
    Keypair,
    SystemProgram,
    Transaction,
    sendAndConfirmTransaction,
} from '@solana/web3.js';
import {
    createInitializeMintInstruction,
    createInitializeDefaultAccountStateInstruction,
    getMintLen,
    ExtensionType,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
} from '@solana/spl-token';

const mint = Keypair.generate();

// Calculate the size needed for a Mint account with Default Account State extension
const mintLen = getMintLen([ExtensionType.DefaultAccountState]);

// Calculate minimum lamports required for rent exemption
const lamports = await connection.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintLen);

// Create the account with the correct size and owner
const createAccountInstruction = SystemProgram.createAccount({
    fromPubkey: keypair.publicKey,
    newAccountPubkey: mint.publicKey,
    space: mintLen,
    lamports,
    programId: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
});

// Initialize the Default Account State extension
const initializeDefaultAccountState = createInitializeDefaultAccountStateInstruction(
    mint.publicKey,
    AccountState.Frozen,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

// Initialize the mint itself
const initializeMintInstruction = createInitializeMintInstruction(
    mint.publicKey,
    6,
    keypair.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey, // freeze authority is MANDATORY
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

// Combine all instructions in the correct order
const transaction = new Transaction().add(
    createAccountInstruction,
    initializeDefaultAccountState,
    initializeMintInstruction,
);

const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair, mint]);

console.log(`Mint created! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);

請記住,Freeze AuthorityMint 上是此擴展的必要條件,否則我們將無法在創建時解凍任何 Token 帳戶。

解凍代幣帳戶

擁有 DefaultAccountState 擴展意味著所有初始化的 Token 帳戶將默認為 frozen 狀態。

這意味著如果我們不解凍(解除凍結)它們,就無法 MintTransfer 或幾乎無法對這些 Token 帳戶執行任何操作。

我們可以使用 thawAccount 指令輕鬆解凍一個 Token 帳戶,如下所示:

ts
const ata = await getAssociatedTokenAddress(
    mint.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey,
    false,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
);

const createAtaInstruction = createAssociatedTokenAccountIdempotentInstruction(
    keypair.publicKey, // payer
    ata, // associated token account address
    keypair.publicKey, // owner
    mint.publicKey, // mint
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID
)

const thawAtaInstruction = createThawAccountInstruction(
    ata,
    mint.publicKey,
    keypair.publicKey,
    undefined,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

const transaction = new Transaction().add(
    createAtaInstruction,
    thawAtaInstruction,
);

const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair], {skipPreflight: true});

console.log(`Token accounts created and thawed! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);

更改預設帳戶狀態

當我們不再需要對代幣分發進行更高的控制,並希望讓所有人自由交易或使用代幣時,我們可以使用 updateDefaultAccountState 指令更改預設帳戶狀態,如下所示:

ts
const updateDefaultAccountStateInstruction = createUpdateDefaultAccountStateInstruction(
    mint.publicKey,
    AccountState.Initialized,
    keypair.publicKey,
    undefined,
    TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID,
);

const transaction = new Transaction().add(updateDefaultAccountStateInstruction);

const signature = await sendAndConfirmTransaction(connection, transaction, [keypair]);

console.log(`Default account state changed! Check out your TX here: https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}?cluster=devnet`);
Blueshift © 2025Commit: e573eab